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Notes

1 Vance, E. “Biology’s Beloved Amphibian — 12 Blackburn, T. M., C. Bellard, and A. Ricciardi.
The Axolotl — Is Racing Towards Extinction”. 2019. “Alien Versus Native Species as Drivers
Nature. 15 November 2017. https://www. of Recent Extinctions”. Frontiers in Ecology
nature.com/articles/d41586-017-05921-w and the Environment 17 (4): 203–07. https://
esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
2 Borenstein, S. 2019. “UN Report: Humans abs/10.1002/fee.2020
Accelerating Extinction of Other Species”. AP
News. 06 May 2019. https://www.apnews. 13 Tilman, D., C. Balzer, J. Hill, and B. L. Befort.
com/aaf1091c5aae40b0a110daaf04950672 2011. “Global Food Demand and the Sus-
tainable Intensification of Agriculture”. PNAS
3 IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy 108 (50): 20260–64. https://www.pnas.org/
Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Ser- content/108/50/20260
vices). 2019. Summary for policymakers of
the global assessment report on biodiversity 14 Based on a review of about 15,000 scientific
and ecosystem services of the Intergovern- and government sources and compiled by
mental Science-Policy Platform on Biodi- 145 expert authors from 50 countries, the
versity and Ecosystem Services, Unedited global report (IPBES. 2019. Op. cit.) is the first
Advance Version, 06 May 2019. See also UN comprehensive look in 15 years at the state
Convention on Biological Diversity (https:// of the planet’s biodiversity.
www.cbd.int/, which defines “biodiversity” as
“the variability among living organisms from 15 IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy
all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Ser-
marine and other aquatic ecosystems and vices). 2018. “Media Release: Biodiversity and
the ecological complexes of which they are Nature’s Contributions Continue Dangerous
part; this includes diversity within species, Decline, Scientists Warn: Human Well-Being at
between species and of ecosystems”). Risk. Landmark Reports Highlight Options to
Protect and Restore Nature and Its Vital Con-
4 IPBES. 2019. Op. cit. tributions to People”. Media Release. https://
www.ipbes.net/news/media-release-biodiver-
5 Bar-On, Y. M., R. Phillips, and R. Milo. 2018. sity-nature%E2%80%99s-contributions-con-
“The Biomass Distribution on Earth”. PNAS tinue-%C2%A0dangerous-decline-scien-
115 (25): 6506–11. https://www.pnas.org/ tists-warn
content/115/25/6506
16 Bos, G. 2017. “Tomorrow’s Production
6 WWF (World Wildlife Fund). 2019. “How Many Systems Will Be Closer to Nature”. IUCN
Species Are We Losing?” Our Work, How (International Union for Conservation) Blog
Much Is Being Lost? https://wwf.panda.org/ post, 09 January 2017. https://www.iucn.
our_work/biodiversity/biodiversity/ org/news/business-and-biodiversity/201701/
tomorrows-production-systems-will-be-clos-
7 Borenstein. 2019. Op. cit. er-nature. Other estimates have put the mon-
etary value of goods and services provided
8 IPBES. 2019. Op. cit. by ecosystems at as high as US$125 trillion
per year, or around two-thirds higher than
global GDP. See Costanza, R. R. de Groot,
9 See also IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on P. Sutton, S. van der Ploeg, S. J. Anderson, I.
Climate Change). 2018. Summary for Policy- Kubiszewski, S. Farber and R. K. Turner. 2014
makers. In Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC “Changes in the Global Value of Ecosystem
Special Report. Geneva: World Meteorolog- Services”. Global Environmental Change 26
ical Organization. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/ (2014): 152–58. https://community-wealth.
assets/uploads/sites/2/2018/07/SR15_SPM_ org/sites/clone.community-wealth.org/files/
version_stand_alone_LR.pdf; https://www. downloads/article-costanza-et-al.pdf; OECD
ipcc.ch/sr15/ (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development). 2019. Biodiversity: Finance and
10 United Nations. 2019. “UN Report: Nature’s the Economic and Business Case for Action.
Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’; Spe- Report prepared by the OECD for the French
cies Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating’”. Sus- G7 Presidency and the G7 Environment Min-
tainable Development Goals. 06 May 2019. isters’ Meeting, 5–6 May 2019. https://www.
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ oecd.org/environment/resources/biodiversity/
blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedent- G7-report-Biodiversity-Finance-and-the-Eco-
ed-report/ nomic-and-Business-Case-for-Action.pdf

11 Seto, K. C., B. Günerlap, and L. R. Hutyra. 17 “FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of
2012. “Global Forecasts of Urban Expan- the United Nations).” The Biodiversity That
sion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodi- Is Crucial for our Food and Agriculture Is
versity and Carbon Pools”. PNAS 109 (40): Disappearing by the Day. Press Release, 22
16083–88. https://www.pnas.org/con- February 2019. http://www.fao.org/news/sto-
tent/109/40/16083.short ry/en/item/1180463/icode/

54 Save the Axolotl